90天攻克CATTI 三级笔译 pdf epub azw3 2024 下载

《韩刚B2A“译点通”：90天攻克CATTI三级笔译》是一本“翻译考试实战技法大全”，主要讲解翻译的各种技法，并且随书附赠“历年真题”一册，塑封包装。《韩刚B2A“译点通”：90天攻克CATTI三级笔译》包括七章和一个附录。每章为一个循环。每个循环包括汉英翻译鉴赏与评析、汉英翻译对比评析、汉英翻译模拟训练、英汉翻译鉴赏与技巧讲解、英汉翻译对比评析、英汉翻译模拟训练六个部分，通过这六部分的学习，可以让考生完成从理解到熟练的过程；附录为汉译英必背词组表达集锦，这些词组对于提高翻译的熟练程度和准确度非常有用。“附赠真题”包括两个部分，第一部分是英汉翻译八大注意事项，第二部分为历年翻译资格考试三级笔译真题。

第一循环 实用笔译技巧讲解与2006年真题实务剖析

第一部分 汉英翻译鉴赏与评析

第二部分 汉英翻译对比评析

第三部分 汉英翻译模拟训练

第四部分 英汉翻译鉴赏与技巧讲解

第五部分 英汉翻译对比评析

第六部分 英汉翻译模拟训练

第二循环 实用笔译技巧讲解与2007年真题实务剖析

第一部分 汉英翻译鉴赏与评析

第二部分 汉英翻译对比评析

第三部分 汉英翻译模拟训练

第四部分 英汉翻译鉴赏与技巧讲解

第五部分 英汉翻译对比评析

第六部分 英汉翻译模拟训练

第三循环 实用笔译技巧讲解与2008年真题实务剖析

第一部分 汉英翻译鉴赏与评析

第二部分 汉英翻译对比评析

第三部分 汉英翻译模拟训练

第四部分 英汉翻译鉴赏与技巧讲解

第五部分 英汉翻译对比评析

第六部分 英汉翻译模拟训练

第四循环 实用笔译技巧讲解与2009年真题实务剖析

第一部分 汉英翻译鉴赏与评析

第二部分 汉英翻译对比评析

第三部分 汉英翻译模拟训练

第四部分 英汉翻译鉴赏与技巧讲解

第五部分 英汉翻译对比评析

第六部分 英汉翻译模拟训练

第五循环 实用笔译技巧讲解与2010年真题实务剖析

第一部分 汉英翻译鉴赏与评析

第二部分 汉英翻译对比评析

第三部分 汉英翻译模拟训练

第四部分 英汉翻译鉴赏与技巧讲解

第五部分 英汉翻译对比评析

第六部分 英汉翻译模拟训练

第六循环 实用笔译技巧讲解与2011年真题实务剖析

第一部分 汉英翻译鉴赏与评析

第二部分 汉英翻译对比评析

第三部分 汉英翻译模拟训练

第四部分 英汉翻译鉴赏与技巧讲解

第五部分 英汉翻译对比评析

第六部分 英汉翻译模拟训练

第七循环 实用笔译技巧讲解与2012年真题实务剖析

第一部分 汉英翻译鉴赏与评析

第二部分 汉英翻译对比评析

第三部分 汉英翻译模拟训练

第四部分 英汉翻译鉴赏与技巧讲解

第五部分 英汉翻译对比评析

第六部分 英汉翻译模拟训练

附录 汉译英必背词组表达集锦

韩刚，2001年毕业于外交学院英语翻译理论与实践专业，曾以优异成绩考入外交部翻译室接受培训，后调任新闻司担任新闻发言人同传。作为B2A口译系统教学法和CECE/ECEC学习法创始人，自2003年起潜心钻研口译和笔译培训，注重系统传授，教学踏实认真，方法科学得当，现已在翻译培训界独树一帜，是深得广大学员尊重和爱戴的CATTI口笔译资深权威讲师。曾出版《韩刚B2A"译点通":90天攻克CATTI三级笔译》《韩刚B2A"译点通":90天攻克CATTI二级笔译》和《韩刚B2A"译点通"：笔译入门与口译速成宝典》。

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书籍介绍

《韩刚B2A“译点通”：90天攻克CATTI三级笔译》是一本“翻译考试实战技法大全”，主要讲解翻译的各种技法，并且随书附赠“历年真题”一册，塑封包装。《韩刚B2A“译点通”：90天攻克CATTI三级笔译》包括七章和一个附录。每章为一个循环。每个循环包括汉英翻译鉴赏与评析、汉英翻译对比评析、汉英翻译模拟训练、英汉翻译鉴赏与技巧讲解、英汉翻译对比评析、英汉翻译模拟训练六个部分，通过这六部分的学习，可以让考生完成从理解到熟练的过程；附录为汉译英必背词组表达集锦，这些词组对于提高翻译的熟练程度和准确度非常有用。“附赠真题”包括两个部分，第一部分是英汉翻译八大注意事项，第二部分为历年翻译资格考试三级笔译真题。

• 作者： 小闹钟 发布时间：2018-07-16 15:06:43

  冯老爷子之集大成，领域内百科全书

• 作者： 伊丽小美 发布时间：2019-05-12 19:35:06

  不清楚为什么豆瓣评价如此低。作为外交部的同传者，我觉得韩刚老师的专业素养不容置疑。

  看完这本我爱上了每天看政府、外交部官网，还有读外刊。

  更重要的是，书中一直强调的：中文的锤炼和英文的学习同等重要!!翻译即写作!!翻译的最高境界是化境!!态度非常非常非常重要!!

  另外，不足的是时效性不高，句子都有点老了，希望出新版。

• 作者： NanNan 发布时间：2017-05-14 12:26:00

  真的垃圾 读了没有一点收获

• 作者： FermeFaon 发布时间：2019-07-13 23:49:43

  当初考三笔只做了这本的练习 个人觉得很好 刚刚瞥一眼书架看到这本书 又想起前年考三笔那天

• 作者： 泼天富贵祝一天 发布时间：2018-12-28 09:28:48

  这本书很尴尬呀。。全是社会主义价值观的翻译。。臣妾做不到啊。！！！！！！！

• 作者： 丢猫了 发布时间：2017-05-13 20:57:35

  所有把翻译当做再创作的我都无法接受

• 当克尔凯郭尔遇见王阳明

  作者：暂停 发布时间：2007-05-16 12:51:28

  有学生举手提问，我现在还没有完全搞清楚天理和私欲，怎么能克制私欲呢？

  王阳明回答，你别给我耍滑头，要是真正下决心用功，对天理和私欲的精确认识自然会越来越多，如果不肯用心，每天只是动动嘴皮子，到老你也弄不明白。

  现代人都知道啥是正道，谁也不傻是吧，但就是不肯照着去做；低头一看，很清楚自己一腔子的欲望，就是不愿意收敛一下。一说起来，就只顾着发愁没有把各种知识啊道理啊都弄明白，很无奈的样子，其实这些都是扯淡，光说不练啥用也不顶！等到你把克制私欲的功夫做到家了，回过头来再发愁没有把所有的事情都搞懂也不迟啊。如果非等到把自己学成百科全书，才肯下功夫克制欲望修养性情，恐怕你这辈子也无法认清自己，除了那些欲望之外，什么才是你自己呀，把自己活成了一个知识八卦的收藏爱好者，一个可怜的无心人。

  很多人喜欢用做学问的态度来读圣经，案头要放着词典、历史纪年甚至最新的考古进展报告。他们经常感慨甚至抱怨，圣经中有这么多不明之处，整本书简直就是一个谜啊。

  克尔凯郭尔回答，当你读圣经的时候，赋予你责任的不是不明之处，而是你所理解的地方。如果圣经里只有一处是你所理解的，那就先按照这一处去做，去爱你的邻居或者把你的财产与穷人分享，这都很好理解呀，关键是要行动，而不是先坐下来，思考不明之处。上帝说出的言词，是为了让你照此行动，而不是为了让你练习思考。

  打开圣经，仿佛上帝本身在问：你照你读的做了吗？然后，要么你赶快行动，要么谦卑地坦白。明白地承认自己不愿意受上帝的言词摆布，是合乎人性的；明白地承认自己做得很不够，希望上帝更有耐心一点，不要一下子就那么严格地要求自己，这也是合乎人性的。但现在的情况却是，人们费尽心思在圣经与自己之间设置一层层知识与解释，以严肃认真、热爱真理的名义，结果人们完全忘记了圣经里说的，更不用说去实行。这就是现代人的虚伪与狡猾。

  基本上是原文，个别地方发挥了几句:)互文见义，有点意思。

• 《韩刚B2A“译点通”：90天攻克CATTI三级笔译》读书笔记

  作者：momo 发布时间：2021-05-16 15:28:57

  第一循环 2006真题

  第一部分

  1

  Chinese are calling for the resurrection of the long forgotten home leave, after a draft law urges people to visit their aging parents more frequently. Home leave is a period of approved absence authorized in the 1905s for employees of state agencies and institutions, but is currently poorly implemented. Some people suggests the benefit be renewed and even be turned into a mandate. Experts, however, say trying to adapt a worn-out regulation, last used when people worked 6 days a week with no annual paid leave, will be problematic.

  2

  China is trying hard to revive interest in its ailing stock market, but some investors are instead shelling out big money on an asset that they can hold in the palms of their hands— walnuts. Once the toys of China’s imperial court, walnuts— which when rotated in one’s palm are thought to stimulate blood circulation— are making a comeback among the wealthy, some of whom see them as not only a place to put their cash, but as a distinctly Chinese status symbol.

  3

  A highly sensitive method for the detection of trace amount of poisonous substances in milk and meat products is to be popularized in our country. A new reagent kit, dubbed “magic box”, can detect the illegal adding of melamine, Sudan I dye, gutter oil and flour bleaching agents in food in 30 minutes. Notably, it can find clenbuterol in 3 minutes at a cost of just RMB10. Developed in Hebei and funded by the provincial government, the kit has entered watchdog agencies and factories in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Chongqing and Jiangsu.

  4

  China’s overall security environment remains sound. China is committed to building a moderately prosperous society in an-round way and a socialist harmonious society, and it enjoys steady economic growth, political stability, ethnic harmony and social progress. Its overall national strength has considerately increased, as has its International standing and influence. China’s practical cooperation with major countries continues to grow, its friendly relations with its neighboring countries have developed steadily, and it is forging strong ties with other developing countries. This has given rise to a new relationship of mutual benefit and win-win between China and other countries.

  第二部分

  1

  To uphold world peace, promote common development and seek cooperation and win-win is the common wish of the people around the world and an irresistible trend of our times. Committed to peace, development and cooperation, China pursues a road a peaceful development, and endeavors to build, together with other countries, a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

  2

  China now is the world’s sixth largest economy and the forth largest trader. The reason why China has produced such tremendous changes is because we have adhered to the road of building socialism with chines characteristics and persevered in reform and opening-up, thus unleashing the Chinese people’s initiative, enthusiasm and creativity.

  3

  Though China has achieved impressive results in its development, there are still many acute problems, such as overpopulation, weak economic foundation, underdeveloped productivity, highly uneven development, and a fairly sharp contradiction between the country’s ecological environment and natural resources on the one hand and its economic and social development on the other hand. China’s per capita GDP, though reaching the record high of 1000 US dollars last year, still ranks behind the 100th place in the world. To make China’s modernization program a success and deliver a prosperous life for all the Chinese people still requires a long， uphill battle.

  第三部分

  1.Committed to the vision of people-centered development, we have put into place a raft of initiatives to benefits the people, which has resulted in much stronger sense of fulfillment for the people.

  2. We will follow a future-oriented vision to establish a high-level university in line with International standards. Guided by the up-to-date rehabilitation concept, we aim to build a research-based university that focuses on rehabilitation applications with a perfect mix of medical and life sciences as well as humanities.

  3. At CSEMC, we seek to serve the shipbuilding industry, support the military & defense industry, and strive for expanded business portfolio, high efficiency and comprehensive development. Under the effective leadership and with the strong support of CSIC, we have sustained steady growth through reform and innovation.

  4. Since the founding of the PRC in 1949, China has been exploring ways to build a sound socialist judicial system with Chinese characteristics. Grounded in its national realities, China has built on the fine results of Chinese traditional legal culture and drawn on what other civilization can offer regarding rule of law, safeguarding social justice at home and make significant contributions to rule of law of humankind.

  5. He called on all countries to rise above differences in social system, history, culture and development state so that they can jointly preserve Mother Earth, our common home, and work together for a prosperous global village in which we can all have a stake.

  第四部分

  1

  新片《戴安娜》首次曝光了官方片场，不难看出，Watts饰演戴安娜的角色惟妙惟肖。一头金发精致优雅，颈部的夸张珠宝项链平添风情，低胸黑色礼服勾勒出苗条身段，Watts在片中的扮相宛如戴安娜再世。该片讲述了戴安娜在生前最后两年的生活，还涉及她与心脏病医生Khan的绯闻。

  2

  18世纪的中国皇帝乾隆为自己的退休生活煞费苦心。他曾命人在紫禁城打造一所奢华住宅。这就是倦勤斋，屋内用通景画装饰，摆放了几个蒲团。

  很多上了年纪的中国人同样辛勤劳动过，也有过相似的疲惫感。但他们的退休生活不那么滋润。2009年，中国政府的各类养老金拼凑起来所覆盖的成年人只占中国总成年人人口的30%还不到。而大多数乡下人的唯一依靠只有自己的土地和亲人。

  3

  谷歌的吸引力不难理解。其庞大的网络广告帝国是该公司的摇钱树。它也扩张到了如网络购物等大型新市场。其安卓操纵系统赢得了数百万的新客户。安卓智能手机和平板电脑征服了多个市场，包括中国。

  4

  苹果的惊世崛起无疑影响了谷歌的决策。苹果过世的老板乔布斯对设计推崇备至。计算机移动化的发展趋势也迫使谷歌对设计更重视。“个性化移动设备能让人产生情绪反应，而这时带有鼠标和键盘的电脑不具备的”，搜索设计师Wiley说，他是一个旨在该改造谷歌设计理念的项目的成员，这个项目是由2011年上任谷歌总裁的Page发起的。

  第五部分

  1

  随着北冰洋海冰日渐融化，人们开始加速开发北极，给当地人民带来了利益和危险。在巴伦支海和卡拉海发现了大型油田后，人们担心先装满石油然后是液化天然气的轮船发生灾难事故，这些船穿过斯堪的纳维亚半岛近海的捕鱼区，一直开往欧洲和北美市场。当发动机、大烟囱和重型车辆相继建立或出现，帮助这一地区发展能源工业时，也会使这片处女地受到污染。

  2

  在谈到保护环境和土著文化方面，很少有国家能与挪威相提并论。挪威政府把开发石油获得的财富很大程度上用在了这一领域，而萨米人的文化也得到了复兴。

  3

  世卫组织称，有迹象表明，疫情最近已蔓延到了西伯利亚和哈萨克斯坦，这使人们更加担忧。欧盟专家小组将于周四在布鲁塞尔召开会议，商讨如何方法禽流感蔓延到欧洲。

  第六部分

  1. 那些以帮助航空业恢复常态为明确目标的国家补助是我比较关系的问题。

  2. 中国没有足够的耕地来养活14亿人口。中产阶级的壮大带动了肉类消费的增长，而动物饲料主要由谷物构成，这导致耕地缺口进一步扩大。

  3. 随着人们对碳排放的关注和电动车的崛起，人们已不再担忧石油供应峰值，转而担忧起石油需求峰值。

  4. 上周，就在本月一年一度的麦加朝觐前不久，沙特以埃博拉疫情为由，停止了对来自刚果的人发放签证。

  5. 这里位于黄河的源头，海拔3400米以上，是世界上最大的高山湿地之一。尽管这里的湿地修复工作成绩显著，但并未引起多少关注。

  第二循环 2007真题

  第一部分

  1

  But there are often negative comments about their development. For example, Confucius Institutes has been criticized for being “overseas propaganda tool” of the Chinese government. Such criticism does not match facts. Moreover, it carries strong overtones of ideology and “cold-war” mentality.

  2

  Foreign universities must apply to the Confucius Institute Headquarters in China to open an Institute or Classroom. On approval, foreign universities operate all facilities in collaboration with a Chinese university. This principle shows that the opening of a Confucius Institute is based on voluntary application by foreign universities.

  3

  History shows that progress of a culture and civilization is never achieved through isolation. It is realized by interactions and mutual learning.

  In closing I wish the Confucius Institute for Dance and Performance at Goldsmiths an exceptional success.

  HKU is the oldest institution of higher learning in Hong Kong. Over the past century HKU has emerged as a highly prestigious university in China and around the world. During those 100 years HKU has witnessed both great adversity and prosperity in Hong Kong.

  4

  Compared with other parts of the world, China faces several geological difficulties in tapping its coal resources, and has to get most of its coal by underground mining, as only a small amount can be mined by opencast methods. Oil and gas resources are located in ares with complex geological conditions and at great depth, so advanced and expensive prospecting and tapping techniques are required. Untapped hydropower resources are mostly located in the high mountains and deep valleys of the southwest. Unconventional energy resources are insufficiently prospected, and their development is neither economical nor competitive.

  5

  The environment of China’s energy market is gradually improved, and the reform in energy industry is proceeding steadily. Breakthroughs have been made in restructuring energy enterprises, and a modern enterprise system has by and large taken shape. The investors are diversified, energy investment is growing rapidly, and the market is expanding. Market competition has been introduced into the production and distribution of coal. In the power industry, government administrative functions and enterprises’ management have separated, so has power production from power transmission, and supervisory organizations have also been established. In the oil and gas industry, the upstream and downstream sectors have been integrated, so have the domestic and international trades. Energy pricing reform has been constantly deepened, and the pricing mechanism has been improved continuously.

  6

  Along with China’s rapid economic development and the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the demand for energy keeps increasing, and the construction of a stable, economical, clean and safe energy supply system faces the following challenges:

  China’s relative dearth of high-quality energy resources hinders its supply capability; its imbalanced distribution makes it difficult to secure a continued and steady steady supply; and the extensive patterns of economic growth, irrational energy structure, unsatisfactory energy technology and relatively poor management have resulted in higher energy consumption per-unit GDP and for the major energy-consuming products than the average level of major energy-consuming counties, thus further intensifying the energy supply-demand contradiction. Consequently, an increase solely in supply is hard to meet the rising demand for energy.

  第二部分

  1

  Energy is an essential material basis for human survival and development. Over the entire history of mankind, each and every significant step in the progress of human civilization has been accompanied by energy innovations and substitutions. The development and utilization of energy has enormously boosted the development of the world economy and human society.

  2

  Over more than 100 years in the past, developed countries have completed their industrialization, consuming an enormous quantity of natural resources, especially energy resources, in the progress. Today, some developing countries are ushering in their own era of industrialization, and an increase of energy consumption is inevitable for their economic and social development.

  3

  China is now the world’s second largest energy producer and consumer. The sustained growth of energy supply has provided an important an important support for the country’s economic growth and social progress. The rapid expansion of energy consumption has created a vast scope for the global energy market. As an irreplaceable component of the world energy market, China plays an increasingly important role in maintaining global energy security.

  4

  Firstly, in promoting China’s peaceful rise, we must take full advantage of the very good opportunity of world peace to endeavor to develop and strengthen ourselves, and at the same time safeguard world peace with our own development.

  Secondly, the rise of China can only be based on our own strength and on our independence, self-reliant and hard efforts. It also has to be based on the broad market of China, the abundant human resources and capital reserves as well as the innovation of system as a result of reform.

  第三部分

  1. Given the importance of EU-China economic relations, it is vital to maintain very close trade and investment links, while developing a more balanced economic relationship.

  2. Exceptional heat has been observed across the globe in recent week, causing disruption to transport and infrastructure.

  3. The anomalously high temperatures are expected to enhance melting of the Greenland ice sheet, which already saw an extensive melt episode between 11 and 20 June.

  4. The beautiful land of China, home to the Chinese nation and its splendid 5000-year civilization, has nurtured the lofty idea of harmony between man and nature.

  5. Aviation is one of the earliest and most visible economic losers of restrictions introduced to stop the spread of Covid-19, with 95% of passenger flights grounded.

  第四部分

  1

  希腊财长早先警告欧元区各国可能放弃希腊，去年11月上任的总理Papademos昨天竭力游说银行和政界人士达成协议，以获得1300亿欧元（1.3万亿港元）救助。

  下个月希腊将有大批债券需要偿付，总理正力求确保希腊避免陷入债务违约。

  希腊财长表示，欧元区各国财长因为没有证据表明希腊能达成预算削减，已准备放弃希腊。雅典当局唯有赶在昨晚与银行协商，力求获得第二轮救助。

  希腊财长Venizelos与欧洲同仁举行了一个他称之为“异常艰难”的会议，之后于上周六表示，希腊处于千钧一发的边缘。

  经过几天谈判，各方没能就减薪和削减支出等棘手问题达成协议。昨天，Papademos的首个任务，是寻求与由欧洲央行、欧盟委员会和国际货币基金组织组成的“三驾马车”，就救援方案达成初步协议。

  2

  几十年来，缅甸一直是该地区最孤立的国家之一。但昂山素季本周将从仰光飞往泰国曼谷访问，对于质疑缅甸改革诚意的人来说，此行历史意义重大，反映该国正在推行大规模变革。

  昂山素季是缅甸民主运动代表人物，一度饱受压迫，被软禁家中，无法与两个儿子和丈夫见面，与外界更是完全隔绝。她前往曼谷的航程只要一个多小时，但象征了缅甸巨大的进步。

  3

  银行业人士和业界监管机构昨天表示全球经济面临挑战，但如果处理得当，许多方面将在未来几十年内产生深远影响。

  汇丰行政总裁Gulliver在经纶国际经济研究所的年度亚洲全球对话论坛上表示，欧元区缺乏维系其完整性的四大重要元素。

  其一，欧洲银行业管理局必须为全欧洲提供存款保险，以缓解对银行偿还能力和币值的担忧；其次，欧洲必须设立类似美国不良资产救助计划的机制，以帮助银行重获资金，该机制应由新设的永久救援基金支持，以取代EFSF；同时还应发行欧洲联合债券，集体自助陷入财困的国家，令其无须借助全球资本市场；此外还需成立更有力的财政联盟。

  但他表示，没有证据表明政界会采纳这些措施，尤其是强国。但一旦欧元区瓦解，这些强国都会蒙受巨大损失。

  Gulliver也认为中国存在危机，包括人口老龄化造成了劳动力短缺。如在上海，60岁以上人口占25%。到2025年，国家超过1/3的人口（即大约4.5亿人）年龄将在60岁以上。领导层若要根据十二五规划应对社会不平等问题、调整经济结构和保护环境，也会遇到重重困难。

  4

  杨荣林是一位教师，往年暑假，他都待在国内。然而今年，年届半百的他预定了去美国的两周大巴游，决定去国外转一圈。杨先生是中国出境游客中的一员。今年上半年，共计三千八百万的中国游客到国外度假，这一数字比去年同期增长18%。而中国游客全海外消费达七百三十亿美元，仅次于德美游客。

  5

  近年来，出国旅行成为一种奢侈享受。中国政府直到上世纪90年代才开放出境旅游，过去，普通老百姓很难拿到护照。如今，申请护照方便多了，出境旅游目的地国家也达到了140个。

  6

  一些国家，如英国，还没有发现这一机会。去年游览法国的中国游客达120万人，相比之下，赴英旅游的人数只有147000人。因此，英国政府开展活动，要在2015年使中国游客数量增加两倍，同时还要精简签证手续。持申根签证可游览欧洲多国，而英国则要求另办签证。

  7

  中国旅客的旅游习惯也在改变。现在的人们不再喜欢带清一色小帽，跟随挥舞着旗帜的导游。年轻一代旅行者追求更深层次的旅游体验。

  第五部分

  1

  自2000年大桥通车以来，M和哥本哈根间来往的车辆已增长了三倍，去往瑞典南部的丹麦人增加了五倍。厄勒海峡发展成经济文化交流的重要枢纽，成为欧盟认定的示范区。

  2

  从一开始，厄勒海峡大桥工程就遵循国际最高环保标准，设计和建造施工环节也达到了国际一流水准。最为世界上水泥和预拌混凝土主要生产商之一的墨西哥水泥公司获得了工程合同，为桥梁主体、两座引桥和海底隧道的修建提供了无数吨优质水泥。

  3

  在大桥修建过程中，丹麦和瑞典环保机构进行了环境调查，发现大桥并未对周边的野生动物、鸟类、鱼类和植被带来影响。同时，施工期间还按照丹麦和瑞典法律今年可能减少化学品的使用，产生的工程垃圾也控制在了最低水平。

  4

  后来他选择退学，加入了辍学就业的青年大军。在美国这是一个庞大的青年群体，而且仍以较快速度不断壮大。他成为了大学辍学生，或更准确的说是非大学毕业生。

  许多像他这样的人计划重新回到校园获取学位，但实际行动的人很少。美国人口普查局从20世纪60年代晚期开始统计大学辍学就业群体的情况，当时在二十五六岁的年轻人中大学辍学就业者的比例是五分之一，而现在已上升为三分之一，其中大部分人来自贫困和工薪家庭。

  5

  Blevins先生说，他有很多高兴的理由。他的家坐落在美丽的阿巴拉契亚山谷中，他现在与妻子和刚满一岁的儿子卢卡斯住在一间蓝黄相间的小房子里。

  为什么有如此多家庭困难的大学生辍学呢？这个问题很难回答。许多高中没能让学生打好读大学的基础，高昂的大学学费使一些学生退却，而那些上大学的学生要背负数年的债务。对于Blevins这样家庭条件不好的学生来说，上一星期课等于赔一星期钱。

  第六部分

  1. 由于资金和师资有限，再加上人们对MBA在线课程的需要日益增加，该学院院长要做何选择不言而喻。

  2. 2016年，该校财政难以为继，面临倒闭的威胁，最终被Aurora集团收购。该公司是一家私营企业，专门从事特殊教育护理。

  3. 中国人为吃而活。中国要养活14亿人，再加上中国国土广袤，各地地理、文化特色不同，因此你要做好准备：到了中国，你的味蕾将受到挑动、考验和款待。

  4. 这是该城出现的首例病毒传播。该城与卢旺达接壤，人口稠密，又是一个四通八达的枢纽城市。卫生专家一直担心病毒会在该城传播。

  5. 杭州西湖是中国久负盛名的度假胜地，这里湖光涟漪，青山绿意盎然，使人流连忘返。许多诗人和历代帝王都曾咏叹西湖，使其成为中国人神往的地方。

  第三循环 2008真题

  第一部分

  1

  I want to make it clear that it was exactly due to our resolute decision and scientific response that China was able to avoid factory closures, job losses and return of migrant workers to their home village. These stimulus measures helped us keep the good momentum of economic development, maintain social stability and protect China’s modernization from major setbacks.

  2

  Infrastructural facilities such as urban rail transport and rural power grid were significantly improved. Over 7000 large- and medium-sized and key small aging reservoirs were reinforced. We extended access to potable water to many more rural people. A large number of community facilities providing medical, health, education and cultural services were established. A new Wenchuan was built and all-round progress was made in economic and social development of the disaster-stricken areas.

  3

  We improved the economic structure to raise the quality and efficiency of economic development. A shift from fast growth to sound growth was a fundamental change in the priorities of China’s development in the past decade. We took strategic adjustment of the ecumenic structure as the main task of shifting the growth model, and raise the quality, expanded the scope and bolstered the momentum of development.

  4

  We promoted parallel development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, implemented the overall strategies for development of different regions and achieved initial success in closing the widening gaps between industry and agriculture, urban areas and rural areas, and among different regions. The urbanization rate rose from 39.1% to 51.3%, bringing a historic change in China’s urban-rural structure. Since 2008, the central, western and northeastern regions have been growing faster than the eastern region and the share of GDP of there regions in the national total has notably risen. A regional development pattern featuring sound interaction among regions and distinctive local features is coming in to being.

  5

  We made free nine-year compulsory education fully available, established a complete financial aid system for students from poor families and fulfilled our solemn commitment of “not letting a single child drop out of school due to poverty”. We made historic development in building a social safety net covering both urban and rural populations. The new rural pension scheme and the old-age pension scheme for non-working urban residents achieved full coverage, and an urban and rural social aid system was basically established.

  6

  We pursued a win-win strategy of opening-up, fully met our commitments made upon WTO accession, and place equal emphasis on exports and imports and on foreign investments and investing overseas. This has not only helped us gain broader space for development and economic growth, but also made important contribution to economic development in the region and the world.

  7

  The first decade of this century has seen major changes in the global political and economic landscape. It has also seen rapid industrialization and urbanization in China. Great progress has been made in China’s comprehensive reform, opening-up and modernization endeavor during this decade.

  8

  China will continue to develop education as as priority, bring about all-round human development, and promote economic development on the basis of improving the quality of human capital. For a major developing country like China, boosting education and improving quality of human resources will drive economic development and make it more competitive. We will act quickly to achieve economic growth by increasing the quality of human capital rather by just using more workers. This will enable us to catch up with the progress in technology and change change the model of growth, and it holds the key for us to adapt to demographic changes and achieve sustainable development.

  9

  China will continue to build an innovation-driven society, speed up the development of an innovation system, and enhance the role of science and technology in driving economic and social development. R&D is crucial in guiding our effects to accelerate the change of growth model. During the 12th Five-year Plan period, we will give greater priority to R&D, deepen reform of science and technology institutions, and address the root causes of R&D not fully meeting the need of economic development.

  10

  We will address the pressing challenges in economy and continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. We will maintain continuity and stability in macroeconomic policy and make our policy responses more targeted, flexible and forward-looking in the light of changes in the economy. We will maintain control over the intensity, pace and focus of macroeconomic regulation and strike a balance among maintaining stable and fast economic growth, adjusting economic structure and managing inflation expectation.

  第二部分

  1

  China, home to 1.3 billion people, is one of the world’s largest manufacturers and consumers.

  2

  “Putting people first” is the principle followed by the Chinese government as it unswervingly work to meet its people’s growing material needs.

  3

  The Chinese government takes product quality and safety very seriously. Quality, but inexpensive, Chinese goods are favored by consumers across the world— and particularly American consumers.

  4

  As a highly responsible player in the global community, China has tightened quality control over general products, exports in particular.

  5

  Relentless regulatory efforts over the years have resulted in notable improvements in product quality and food safety.

  6

  As economic globalization deepens, product quality and food safety are emerging as global challenges.

  7

  The Chinese government takes very seriously concerns of both domestic and global consumers about how to improve product quality and food safety.

  8

  Admittedly all consumers are exposed to hazard even if there is only one substandard product out of ten thousand that hit the market.

  9

  With this in mind, the Chinese government launched in August a four-month nationwide campaign to improve product quality and safety in the following areas: agricultural products, processed food, food sold in store, catering, medicine, pork, imports and exports, and other consumer good involving human health and safety.

  10

  We have broken down the goal into 20 measurable indicators against which performances of local government and central regulators are benchmarked and for which the private sector is accountable.

  11

  The Chinese government has provided for clearly defined responsibilities among producers, regulators and local governments. The provision calls rigorous law enforcement in the fight against any wrongdoing involving product quality and food safety.

  12

  In China’s southern province of Guangdong, which exports more good than any other part of China, a campaign has been launched to galvanize 100000 people into action, with over 1 million people joining the program later on. The local government of Guangdong has also distributed over 10 million free copies on quality and safety awareness.

  13

  This productive campaign has addressed a host of salient problems regarding quality and safety control.

  14

  We will remain commitment to this effort despite potential rises in export costs and subsequent falls in exports volume.

  15

  I believe that this special campaign will update China’s legal system, quality standards and oversight practices in this domain. I trust that “made in China” will be more appalling to global consumers as a result.

  16

  Closer international communication and cooperation is critical as countries across the world work together to improve product quality and food safety. With this in mind, I have the following points to make. First, we must recognize how countries differ in perceiving quality and safety.

  17

  Socio-economic development and scientific progress mean higher public expectations, more detailed indicators and wider-ranging standards on product quality and food safety.

  18

  Given that countries have varied national realities and are at different stages of development, there are real disparities between them in quality standards, supervision systems and oversight capacity-building.

  19

  It is imperative for us to seek and build common ground amid differences as we work together to identify new quality control measures and improve product quality.

  20

  Second, we must take a fact-based approach as we look at root causes of substandard products and refrain from playing things up.

  21

  We must figure out what is behind faulty or shady goods: Is design or raw material to blame? Can the problem be traced back to production or transportation? Anyway, one can’t simply put the blame on the manufacturer, no matter what.

  22

  Second, we must get things right when handling isolated quality and safety cases. That means we must refrain from over generalization, especially from policing such scandals as a way to erecting new trade barriers.

  23

  China is keenly aware of its due responsibilities and obligations for quality and safety. That being said, our strenuous efforts must be matched by understanding, support and collaboration of our trading partners.

  24

  Economic globalization has bound all of us closer than ever before. We need to work together. Only by doing so can we protect the interests of all consumers.

  第三部分

  1. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are in the making, presenting unprecedented opportunities for innovation cooperation among countries.

  2. All-round progress has been made in the development of education, with remarkable advances in central and western regions and in rural areas.

  3. Guangxi is known for its geological diversity with mountains in tis north and ocean to its south and pastoral fields, forests, waterfalls and beached in between.

  4. Online sales in China have picked up as the country bounces back, but traffic at stores has not fully returned.

  5. Even as farmers have been plowing fresh vegetables into the soil, they have had to plant the same crop again, hoping the economy will have restarted by the time the next batch of vegetables is ready to harvest.

  第四部分

  1

  识字是人们更好地了解世界并按其愿望改造世界的工具。识字是个人尊严的源泉和社会健康发展的动力。国际扫盲日是庆祝这一变革力量并使其发挥最大效益的契机。

  2

  现在我们要再接再厉。据估计，全世界有7.75亿年轻人和成年人不能读写，1.22亿小学或初中学龄儿童未就学，还有成百上千万毕业生没有足够的识字能力。妇女占世界文盲人口的2/3。这些顽固的数字，阻碍着我们实现千年发展目标并建立21世纪所需的包容性知识社会。

  3

  世界上有一半以上的人口居住在城市。在一代多的时间里，全球城市化率将变为2/3。随着城市人口的增加，我们也应更关注城镇减贫和可持续发展工作。

  4

  需要创造了机会。通过完善城市规划和职能，我们就能创造一个更美好的未来，即城镇居民人人均能享受充足的住房、饮水、卫生条件、保健和其他基本服务，接受良好教育，拥有良好就业前景、绿色建筑和公交系统，人人都有归属感。

  5

  各地区都存在管理城市发展的良好做法——我们可以从它们提供的事例中吸取经验。但要想把可持续和包容的城市变为现实，我们还有很长的路要走。人类垃圾和污染主要来自城市，许多城市还面临日益严峻的气候变化等灾害风险。

  6

  教师是教育的灵魂。他们是学问的保管者；他们传授知识、价值观和技能；他们尽其所能帮助年轻人追逐理想，成为有作为的公民。

  7

  我们还必须确保教师能得到充分培训和良好支持。没有合格的教师，就没有高质量教育。除了保证教师有良好的工作条件、适当的薪酬和充分的职业发展空间，岗前培训和在岗培训也至关重要。

  第五部分

  1

  一年前，罗马附近这片茂密的沿海农田还到处生长着一排排的硬质小麦，这种小麦是制作优质意面的材料。现如今，这里已是遍地油菜花，这种开黄花的多节、高杆植物看似杂草，现在则成为欧洲农民的一大福音，因为油菜可以用来生产生物燃料。

  2

  在丰厚补贴的驱动下，人们正在开发各种发可替代能源——也是处于对地球的未来的关注——欧洲农民纷纷GA改种生物燃料作物，后者能能产生比汽油和石油更低的排放量。美洲农民种植这些作物已有五年多的历史，欧洲农民也在亦步亦趋。

  3

  “正当农作物价格低迷之时，生物燃料产业开始兴起，不仅改善了农民的生活，也为农村地区增添了活力，”粮农组织专家Best说，“不过随着生物燃料产业不断扩大，同时人们对生物燃料作物似乎有无限的需求，这个产业正产生一些负面影响，我们需要亮起黄灯。”

  4

  有些专家认为，此举对低收入者的潜在影响更令人担忧。粮农组织专家小组得出结论称，在发展中国家，农民开始改种更有利可图的生物燃料作物以满足发达国家的需求，特别是有些地区甚至利用荒地种植生物燃料作物，这将会给当地造成严重饥荒和环境破坏。

  5

  本周，附近的全球种子库接受了第一批共计数百万粒种子。这座全球旗舰种子库位于北极终年冰封的大山内部，山顶常年积雪。它建立的初衷是储存来自世界各地的各种各类植物种子。

  6

  截止到周四，该种子库储存了数千箱种子。这些灰色箱子码放整齐、标识清晰，收集了包括尼日利亚豌豆和墨西哥玉米等多种植物的种子样本。这座酷似山洞的种子库内层涂釉，起到“备份硬盘”的作用：一旦外部世界的种子因天灾人祸灭绝了，存储在这里的种子就可以派上用场。

  7

  多年来，全球种子银行一直进行种子和芽苗的收储工作，但却缺乏系统性，如：墨西哥的种子库收储玉米种子，尼日利亚的种子库收储木薯样本。现在正抓紧对这些种子库进行系统性整合，一方面是因为种子植物基因存储技术提高了，另一方面是因为人们对全球变暖及其对全球粮食生产带来的影响的认识不断增强。

  8

  数百箱来自叙利亚和墨西哥等世界各地的植物种子样本送达全球种子库进行冷冻休眠储存。这些种子样本样本分别有抗旱、耐热等各种遗传特征。

  第六部分

  1. 前所未有的野火在北极连续烧了两个月，原本吸收二氧化碳的原始森林遭到重创，反而变成了炽热的温室气体排放源。

  2. 在去年入学之前，他一直希望提高自己的财务和管理技能，但他经常出差，不能参加全日制或高级工商管理课程。

  3. 许多农民表示，他们将部分过剩的食物捐给了食物赈济处和“流动送餐车”等慈善项目。慈善机构的冰箱和志愿者有限，只能保存这么多易腐食物，无法满足大量的救济需求。

  4. 在印度，食物的不确定性也在增加，对那些几乎没有社会保障、靠日薪维持生活的工人而言，饥饿是比病毒更直接的威胁。

  5. 如今，中国的拾荒者淡出了公众的视野，被高房租赶出了城市，逐渐落入社会边缘。人们既看不到自己扔的垃圾，也看不到清理这些垃圾的人。

  第四循环 2009真题

  第一部分

  1

  For centuries China’s silk, porcelain and tea were the most sought-after products around the world. In those times “made in China” was synonymous with the most expensive luxury goods. China fostered a highly developed and sophisticated culture. Two major native Chinese philosophies were Confucianism and Taoism. They encouraged pursuit of success and stressed a sense of mission. At the same time they aimed at harmony between man and nature.

  2

  China fell behind in modern times. The industrialization that started in Britain changed the world. The traditional agricultural civilization of China struggled to find its place in the rapidly industrialized world. In addition, China was caught between the milestones of foreign invaders and civil war. The poverty, suffering and humiliation that Chinese people suffered is indescribable.

  3

  China finally ushered in the late 1970s when it embarked on reform and opening up. In the more than 30 years that followed, the Chinese economy has grown at an annual rate of 10%. No country in human history has industrialized so fast and on such a scale. In addition, more than 600 million people were lifted out of poverty.

  Today, China ranks number two in world economy and is the world’s second largest trading nation. China has become the powerhouse and ballast of global economic growth. Besides economic prosperity, China has made across the board progress in cultural, political and social fields. Last week Chinese writer Mo Yan was awarded Nobel Prize in Literature. This is the first time that a Chinese writer has had this honor.

  4

  First, China is following a development path suitable to its national realities. So, how should a large country with 1.3 billion people achieve its development goals? There is no precedent in history. There is no ready answer in the textbook. Copying others won’t work. Wishful thinking in isolation of the world is a dead end. So, the Chinese people have based their efforts on China’s national conditions while drawing on useful experience of other countries. It has been a process of exploration, experiment, reform and innovation. With hard efforts China has succeed in finding the right path.

  5

  The path has following features. It focuses on economic development. It puts people first. It promotes comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. It upholds social equity and justice and protect people’s democratic rights. The political institutional guarantee of this development path is built on: the system of the people’s congress and the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. The economic institutional guarantee for this development path is a multi-ownership economy. Public ownership is the mainstay of the economy. At the same time, it allows development of private ownership and foreign investment side by side. This development path has similarities with other countries. It also has characteristics only found in China.

  6

  China is committed to peaceful development. Today’s China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace. The goal of Chinese foreign policy is to maintain world peace and promote common development. China embraces a new security concept that stresses mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation. China’s pro-actively fulfill its international responsibility. It stands for good neighborliness and regional cooperation. It calls on all other countries to work together for a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity.

  7

  First, the Chinese economy has great potential and a strong drive. Last year urbanization rate in China for the first time passed 50%. Britain already reached this level in 1851. The average urbanization rate in developed countries now stands at around 80%. Urbanization in China will continue for several more decades. This will create immense demand in housing and infrastructure. China’s development is not balanced between different regions. The regional balancing process will boost investment and domestic demand and provide a bigger marketplace.

  8

  China’s consumption mix is upgrading from living necessities like food and clothing to houses, cars and education. China’s strength in its large labor force will continue for a long period. With more government input in education, China’s human capital will be strengthened. This will bring new population dividends.

  第二部分

  1

  The international financial crisis has brought unprecedented difficulties and challenges to China. We are experiencing greater downward pressure on economic growth. Imports and exports have been on the decline. Industrial production has notably slowed down. Some enterprises are having a hard time in their production and business operation, and employment is becoming more and more difficult. This criss coincides with a crucial juncture in China’s efforts to transform the growth pattern and adjust the economic structure. New challenges coupled with existing problems have made our task all the more arduous.

  2

  To counter the impact of the International financial crisis and maintain steady and relatively fast economic growth, China has made timely adjustment to its microeconomic policies, swiftly adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, and formulated a package plan to expand domestic demand and boost economic growth.

  3

  We have substantially increased government spending, introduced a two-year investment plan totaling RMB 4 trillion, and carried out structural tax cuts. We have repeatedly lowered interest rates and increased liquidity in the banking system. We have implemented industrial restructuring and rejuvenation plans on a large scale and vigorously promoted scientific innovation and technology upgrading. We have worked hard to conserve energy, reduce pollution and protect the eco-environment. We have made further efforts to adjust the distribution of national income and worked energetically to expand domestic markets, especially rural markets. And we have significantly raised the level of social security.

  4

  There measures are producing initial results, including fairly strong domestic consumption demand, steadily rising investment demand and overall social stability. It shows that China’s approach in response to the financial crisis is pragmatic and the policies are active and effective. The array of measures adopted by China will have a positive impact not only on its own economy but also on the economy of the region and the world at large.

  第三部分

  1. Germany is universally recognized as an innovation powerhouse, as it excels in basic research, technology, invention and workmanship.

  2. At CSEMC, we believe in integrity, commitment, dedication and innovation. We have fostered a culture that encourages readiness to make innovation, knuckle down and devote oneself to CSEMC.

  3. China will stay committed to peaceful development and to a win-win strategy of opening-up. China stands ready to share its development dividends with all other countries and achieve common prosperity with fellow developing countries.

  4. Exemplifying professional dedication, all medical workers are saving and protecting lives around the clock despite exposure to infection and exhaustion from overwork.

  5. As human society has entered the age of globalization, we must transcend the East-West divergence and the North-South divide, to see our shared planet as a community for all.

  第四部分

  1

  上周，教育部长Duncan向纸质教科书宣战。他在全美新闻俱乐部的一次演讲中表示：“在未来几年，教科书将成为历史。”与此同时，各种数字教学科技奖取而代之，如电子书或多媒体网站。

  2

  数字科技当然有自己的地位。但是Duncan部长是在试图放一把火烧掉这项历经岁月的人类发明：古老而宝贵的纸张。它是我们星球上伟大的教育系统的基石。虽然电子书和多媒体听起来很诱人，并被广泛追捧，但它们用于教育的功效尚未得到验证，盲目取代我们现有的有效教育平台是很危险的。

  3

  著名阅读专家Wolf近年开始研究电子阅读在学习领域的效果，到目前为止，结果好坏参半。她担心网络阅读会过多分散学生的注意力，至于与会抵消网络和电子教学的很多其他潜在好处。虽然高科技行业赞助了大量有关网络教育益处的研究，但这种科技存在的时间尚短，没有足够的纵向研究可以显示它的整体效果。

  4

  此外，提倡电子阅读的人们强调轻便的电子书对学生们的后背有益，同时也能节省学校的资金。但有滚轴的背包似乎早已解决了书包重量问题。而与此同时，要给每个学生配备电子阅读器，提供技术支持，并定期更新软件却耗资巨大。

  5

  作为使用纸质教科书的老师和研究城市历史的学生，我不禁要问，这种突然对纸张这一技术的全盘放弃在我的研究领域是否有相似的案例。

  6

  我并不是在说，这样的发展都是危险或可逆的。相反，我们都受益于医药、通讯、计算机领域的新发明，即使这些新发明有时候会取代我们更熟悉的科技。

  7

  那么，我们再回到纸这个话题。如今，当我们最珍贵的知识都保存在一张不可读的软盘上，或者消失在“云”中，麻烦就来了。相比而言，纸张保存的信息却能历经数千年。

  8

  纸质教科书可置于书架上，并随时翻阅。只需一伸手，信息就轻易可得。它们方便阅读，也不需要电池或接线。虽然iPad和电子书的屏幕清晰度不断提高，但一想到未来如果每次阅读一本书、一张报纸或一本杂志，我们都需要电池或电源支持，我都会觉得可怕。

  9

  信息的电子化为人类带来了重要的益处，包括即时传输、便捷搜索和广泛传播。但是就在撕掉最后一页教科书之前，让我们停下来，想想那些老电车，如果它们还在运行有多好。

  第五部分

  1

  欧盟在去年才制定了该目标，要求将生物燃料占比从2010年的5.75%提高至2020年的10%。不过，顾问小组的科学家们得出结论：欧盟发展生物燃料的初衷是好的，但已造成了东南亚森林砍伐、粮食价格攀升等负面连锁反应。

  2

  他说，当欧盟制定目标时，没有就发展生物燃料对土地和粮食供应等其他相关领域造成的影响进行充分调研，片面、孤立地制定了交通运输领域的减排政策和目标。

  3

  此前，欧洲和美国纷纷设立生物燃料发展目标并给予大力支持，由此在全球掀起了生物燃料热潮，但是，现在现在有越来越多的证据表明，这股浪潮没有产生预期效果。

  4

  比如，多项调查表明，人们为了种植生物燃料作物，不惜看法森林，占用泥潭沼泽，由此产生的温室气体排放量甚至超过了使用生物燃料所减少的排放量。同样令人担忧的是，为了种植更有利可图的生物燃料作物，甚至耕地和饮用水均遭占用。

  5

  今年早些时候发行的最新旅行手册名为《肖邦的波兰》，配有大量精美的插图，游客们可按图索骥，跟随肖邦的足迹——拜访这位作曲家生活、学习、演出和参观过的地方，去过的餐厅，甚至是参加过派对的地方。这些景点多达几十处，遍布华沙和波兰各地。

  6

  2010年肖邦诞辰纪念活动的主办方是弗里德里克肖邦协会。该协会由波兰众议院于2001年成立，致力于肖邦作品和形象的宣传和保护。负责组织协调工作的Strugala说：“事实上，肖邦不需要宣传，我们只是希望通过肖邦来宣传波兰和波兰文化。”

  7

  肖邦二十岁之前一直住在华沙及其周边地区。他从小就显露出过人天赋，钢琴演奏小有名气，不到二十岁就创作了协奏曲和其他重要音乐作品。1830年，沙皇俄国控制了华沙及波兰的大片领土，为反对俄国统治，波兰爆发了十一月起义，但以失败告终。就在革命爆发几周前，肖邦离开华沙，踏往国外巡演之路。临行前，他特地随身携带了一捧祖国的泥土。

  8

  作为一名才华横溢的音乐家，肖邦常年颠沛流离、客居他乡却又热爱祖国，人们对他的敬仰超越了社会、政治的藩篱。

  9

  肖邦的很多名曲中都闪耀着波兰的民族情怀、思乡之情和爱国心。

  第六部分

  1. 早在2003年，欧盟就规定，到2020年生物燃料必须占到欧盟运输燃料的20%。

  2. 自2006年以来，至少有40人攀登过的喜马拉雅高峰有13座，其中珠峰的攀登率在1994年之前是倒数第四，而在过去的三年里珠峰登顶率一直保持第一。

  3. 在美国，美国航空计划在登机和飞行过程中继续执行社交梳离的规定，对飞机进行彻底清理，并减少舱内餐饮服务以减少人际接触。当你乘机时，飞机的清洁和社交梳离都很重要。

  4. 随着新冠病毒的传播不断跨越国界、海洋和大陆，又一个令人困惑的数据至今未能得到合理解释：虽说现在还早，但几乎在所有有统计数据的国家，死于该病毒的男性都多于女性。但是，男性的新冠病毒死亡率高于女性并不是异常现象，更确切地说，它可能即时凸显出了一个至今都未受重视的科学事实：在生存方面，男性处于劣势。

  5. 两国最近都提高了混合燃料中棕榈油衍生生物柴油的强制掺混率（马来西亚是20%，印尼是30%），并且还在积极扩大对印度和中国的出口。印中两国也在不断扩大生物柴油进口，将其作为航空和航运的绿色替代品。印尼的目标是迅速增加棕榈油生物柴油的混掺比例，争取明年达到40%，继而达到50%。

  第五循环 2010真题

  第一部分

  1

  In July 1951, China Film Equipment was established in Beijing as part of new China’s efforts to lay the groundwork for film industry. As a pioneer dedicated to mobile equipment, CFEC has since expanded its business portfolio into virtually all sections of the film industry. CFEC today has strong expertise in production, supply and marketing of film & television equipment. CFEC features a well-integrated mix of business operations. CFEC is a leading producer of localized film and televisions equipment, a global trader in film equipment and supplies and a service provider for theaters and rural movie market. Alongside that, CFEC imports cine film, hosts BIRTV and organizes exhibitors to relevant shows at home and abroad.

  2

  At the dawn of the new century, digital technology sneaked into China’s cinemas. Ever since then, digital cinema technology has matured, moving up the ladder from the ground up in China after numerous trials and errors. Over time, digital technology introduction has given way to indigenous innovation in China. Digital technology is now being extended to virtually every movie segment, empowering China’s film industry to keep scaling new heights.

  3

  In December 2010, China Film co., Ltd (CFC) was created amid a booming film industry in China, and CFEC was reorganized as China Film Equipment Co., Ltd Accordingly. CFC is committed to four core competencies that span film production, distribution, movie projection and film & television services. Guided by this vision, CFEC has worked to pool available talents and resources to go digital in tandem with the thriving film industry. CFEC keeps reorienting its priorities and identifying new ways for film & television services. CFEC is reemerging as an integrated conglomerate that functions as a film equipment producer, an active global trader and a strong technology provider in the film space. CFEC seeks to lead in the localized production of film equipment and relevant facilities. It also looks to develop a domestic industrial chain and a proprietary IPR system for homemade digital film & television equipment.

  第二部分

  1

  Global climate change has a profound impact on the existence and development of mankind, and is a major challenge facing all countries.

  2

  The changing climate has emerged alongside human progress. Climate is subject to natural forces and human forces. Climate change threatens the environment, but more importantly, it challenges the course of development. Development stages, lifestyles, population sizes and resources endowments of different counties and the international division of labor are all at play in shaping patterns of climate change.

  3

  Basically, climate change must and can only be addressed through common development.

  4

  China has been implemented the National Climate Change Program China for the period between 2005 and 2010. The initiative has set mandatory targets for reduced energy intensity, emission cuts in major pollutants, higher forest cover and greater share of renewables.

  5

  Going forward, China will include climate change adaptation and mitigation into its socio-economic planning and renew its strong commitment to fight this challenges. First, China will seek higher energy efficiency and much lower carbon intensity by 2020 from the level of 2005.

  6

  Second, China will strive to develop renewable and nuclear energy as part of its efforts to derive about 15% of primary energy consumption from non-fossil sources by 2020.

  7

  Third, China will work to increase forest carbon skink by adding 40 million hectares to total forest covered 1.3 billion cubic meters to overall forest stock between 2005 and 2020.

  8

  Fourth, China will be committed to building a green and circular economy that follows a low-carbon path. For that to happen, China will work hard on the R&D and extension of climate-friendly technologies.

  第三部分

  1. Our careless use of plastic has covered the earth and filled the oceans with an estimated eight trillion tons of plastic garbage.

  2. On international cooperation, China is now the second largest contributor to the UN’s regular budget and peacekeeping assessment and the largest contributor of peacekeepers among the five permanent members of the Security Council.

  3. 50.71 billion express deliveries were made in 2018, up 26.6% on the previous year.

  4. Increasing passenger numbers mean aviation emissions could grow by 300% by 2050, compared with 2005.

  5. Since 2013, global air traffic has grown six times faster than fuel efficiency has improved.

  6. Chinese tourists’ supposed preference for only visiting popular landmarks, their taste for Chinese food and their addiction to luxury shopping are widely mocked.

  7. The Outline calls for wider public engagement in sports, better competitive sports performances, a stronger sports industry, a more vibrant sports culture, and enhanced sports exchanges.

  8. A slowing economy and the coronavirus pandemic have prompted China’s leadership to call for faster construction of “neo-infrastructure” such as 5G networks and data centers.

  9. China now has a much more highly educated labor force with less enthusiasm for manual work.

  10. Certification is voluntary but offers credibility on the international market and increased competitiveness. When the smaller operations are included, less than 1% of all aquaculture producers are certified.

  第四部分

  1

  对那些有钱有势的人来说，怀孕可能算不上什么障碍——甚至能给当事人的职业生涯带来帮助。然而，对我们其他人而言，怀孕仍会碍事。

  虽然联邦法律禁止拥有15名以上员工的公司歧视有身孕的应聘者，但如果老板知道某个应聘者有身孕，她将很难获得这份工作。

  2

  我那些怀孕的朋友总是试图掩盖怀孕的事实，这可以从字面上理解，也可以从比喻意义上理解。在应聘律所或媒体机构时，为了掩盖自己日渐隆起的腹部，她们往往选择穿着宽松的夹克或毛衣。

  3

  上个月，一份旨在保障怀孕员工权益的法案提交参议院审议。该《怀孕员工法案》规定，雇主必须在工作场所对孕妇员工予以特别照顾，如不让孕妇提重物、给予大量喝水休息时间等，这与残疾员工享受的待遇基本相同。

  4

  那么，女服务员们和Mayer以及Danes的区别是什么呢？简而言之，在管理者眼中，服务员很容易替代。相反，在雅虎的案例中，这家公司正在努力寻找一位救星，而他们的选择有限。不管Meyer怀孕与否，都被认为是他们的最佳选择。而Danes凭借《国土安全》获得艾美奖，还帮助有线电视网络Showtime提供了收视率。当某位精英女性怀孕的消息传来时，我们必须斟酌再三，明确“怀孕”这一阻碍事业发展的“天花板”是否真正被打破。

  5

  当然，如果员工怀孕的话，雇主的处境会变糟，继续为怀孕的员工支付工资会带来经济负担，尤其是那些提供丰厚带薪假期的公司。我们也许可以通过为这些公司提供税务减免来减轻它们的负担。

  6

  但停止歧视怀孕女性的最重要的原因，其实事关我们想生活在什么样的社会中。我们承认，怀孕员工短期内工作效率会下降，但我们不能只关注员工生产力，而忽略了员工生活的其他方面。我们必须保障怀孕员工的权益，一个简单的原因是为了杜绝欺诈文化在工作场所肆意滋长。这样一来，女性员工怀孕后不再需要违背个人道德操守，一连数月隐瞒孕情。

  7

  在这样一个女性劳动者占一半的经济体中，我们必须更加系统地解决怀孕员工的待遇问题。《怀孕员工公平法案》的通过将更好地保护怀孕的应聘者免受歧视。如果幸运的话，希望有一天，所有女性在面试的时候，能自豪地表示自己怀有身孕，就像Danes穿着黄裙出现在艾美奖颁奖典礼时那样。

  第五部分

  1

  莱科位于科莫湖最南端。每天早上，10个小学的大约450名学生沿着17条校车线路步行上学，校车不见踪影。

  2

  儿童肥胖症增多，当地交通拥堵，特别是汽车尾气使得全球温室气体排放量不断增加，面对这三大问题，当地一个环保组织于2003年提出了一项大胆建议：让孩子们步行上学。

  3

  该环保组织制定了一个名为“piddibus”的步行上学计划：学生沿着校车路线步行上学，没有校车但有专职负责护送的“司机”。“piddibus”在意大利语的意思是“步行公交车”。每天早上，学生们排成队，在在身穿荧光黄色背心的专职工作人员和家长志愿者的带领下，沿着蜿蜒曲折的街道去上学。途中队伍不时停下来，沿途的学生陆续加入，队伍也随之壮大。整个情形与魔笛的故事十分相似。

  4

  欧美专家称，上学需车接车送的小学生数量总体仍在上升，由此产生的温室气体排放占整个交通领域的很大比重。一项国家调查显示，去年校车总里程数占英国市民汽车出行总里程数的18%。

  5

  根据联邦政府国家家庭旅行调查部门的统计，在1969年，美国步行上学的小学生比例为40%，在数据统计的最后一年，也就是2001年，这一比例下降至13%。

  6

  莱科的步行车在意大利是首创，欧洲和其他国家和地区也纷纷启动了数百个类似计划，北美也步其后尘，鼓励学生步行上学。

  第六部分

  1. 虽然几乎其他任何地方的邮轮乘客数量都在增长，但这一行业在中国的发展进入了不稳定期。

  2. 多年来，奶农一直在低价中艰难求生，濒临破产边缘。这次疫情对他们更是雪上加霜。

  3. 61%的美国人表示，比起让收入增加10%，他们更愿选择让医疗支出五年内不上涨。

  4. 新冠病毒根本没有促进社会平等，而是很好地暴露出阶层差距和这个国家存在的严重不平等现象。

  5. 这次饥饿危机是全球性的，而造成这次危机的很多因素都与新冠疫情以及疫情造成的经济秩序混乱局面有关，其中包括：无数本已只能勉强度日的人突然失去了收入；油价暴涨；旅游业中断导致硬通货普遍短缺；海外工人没有了可寄回家的收入；还有气候变化、暴力、人口六三和人道危机等持续存在的问题。

  6. 该市每天生活垃圾清运量达2.6万吨。

  7. 去年选择到公海度假的中国游客数量达到240万人。

  8. 一个高等教育贸易组织预测，全国入学人数将下降15%，造成的收入损失将达到230亿美元。

  9. 铁路单位货物周转量的能耗和污染物排放仅为公路的1/7和1/13.

  10. 根据2015年的一份报告，种植生物燃料作物需改变热带地貌，因此产生的碳排放是它们所取代的化石燃料的三倍。

  第六循环 2011真题

  第一部分

  1

  Our growth story: When we started a business from the ground up, we typically have visions and ambitions deep down, get through eventful episodes along the way and build up connections as we move forward. Our experiences during the infancy stages have arguably shaped and defined who we are today. Throughout our development and expansion process, Phoenix Metropolis Media have woven diligence, passion, integrity, courage, resilience, and a can-do attitude into our culture fabric. These underlying, core values are at the heart of everything we do here at PMM.

  2

  The journey that has brought us to where we are today has been full of trial and tribulation. Looking back, we know too well how we have soldiered on through joys and tears, successes and failures, anxiety and frustrations, and many other crucial moments in which w just bit the bullet and moved on, even when there was no victory in sight. W must build upon thes